EUROPE
at work
IN
THE AGE OF
Generative AI
How artificial intelligence is reshaping entry-level employment, skills and job inclusion across Europe.
"...Ultimately, we must accept that trying to stop technological change is a fool’s errand. However, we can shape it to serve our “social market economy” that strives to achieve at the same time high competitiveness, full employment, social progress, environmental protection, as well as scientific and technological advances..."
Mario Nava
Director-General at the Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion of the European Commission
"...At INCO, our role is to forge the coalitions needed to democratize this expertise, moving beyond automation to empower every individual. By transforming day-to-day tasks into high-value opportunities, we ensure that no one is left behind in Europe‘s new digital frontier. Together, we are building a future of work where technology serves as a bridge to inclusion for all..."
Nicolas Hazard
Founder and President at INCO
"...AI is presenting new challenges and opportunities for the European workforce. We’ve seen this “ripple effect” with every major technology shift, from computers to the Internet. And while research suggests that far more jobs will be introduced thanks to AI rather than lost, we can’t ignore that there will be disruption - we have to prepare..."
Liza Ateh
Head of Google.org EMEA
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"AI literacy is more than just knowing this technology exists — it’s the ability to work alongside AI to achieve success. This report provides essential data to help bridge the gap between technological potential and human readiness, exploring how AI can serve as a tool to help unlock professional potential."
Becky Ferguson
SVP of Philanthropy at Salesforce CEO of Salesforce Foundation
Introduction
& Objectives
To achieve this, we reviewed extensive literature from OECD, Cedefop, and the European Commission, processed millions of online job listings across EU and EEA countries to capture evolving employer demands, and conducted hundreds of interviews with jobseekers, hiring managers, and academics. This mix of quantitative and qualitative evidence provides a more grounded understanding of how AI adoption is reshaping Europe’s labour market.
AI remains one of the fastest-moving technologies in human history. Its effects on how we work, learn, and communicate evolve as quickly as its applications become more widespread, powerful, and accessible. This report draws on data collected between January 2022 to December 2025, and we will continue to update these findings to ensure their ongoing relevance in a rapidly shifting landscape.
With this report, we aim to bring the AI conversation back to tangible realities:
Which careers and occupations are being transformed most profoundly.
What this means for skills, training, and career resilience.
How employers’ needs are evolving in real time.
And what policymakers, educators, and businesses can do to ensure that workers - especially under-represented groups - are not left behind.
03
AI Skills in non-tech-centric careers
04
How is AI perceived
by career starters
and workers in Europe?
05
How is AI perceived
by employers
in Europe?
06
Breaking Barriers to AI Skills Adoption for Career Starters and Workers
07
Closing Europe’s
AI Skills Gap:
What’s Working,
and Where
